/* Local presentation corrections, 13 September 2026. */
.site-footer > :is(.vei-appointment-note,.footer-quiet,.translation-note){
 box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;max-width:1200px;margin:24px auto 0;
 font-family:var(--font-body,Manrope,sans-serif);font-size:14px;line-height:1.65;
 text-align:left;color:#d1dce7;
}
.site-footer > .footer-quiet .country-acknowledgement{max-width:90ch;font-size:14px;line-height:1.65}
.site-footer > .translation-note{border-color:#ffffff30;padding-top:22px}
.site-footer > .translation-note a{color:inherit}
.language-menu{font-family:var(--font-body,Manrope,sans-serif)}
.language-menu[open]>summary::after{transform:rotate(180deg)}




@media(min-width:1101px){
 
 
 
 
 
 
}
@media(min-width:761px) and (max-width:1400px){
 
 
}
@media(max-width:760px){
 
 
 
 
}
@media(max-width:360px){
 
 
 
}






body.retina-v16 #retina-introduction .retina-start-links article ul{
 display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(min(100%,220px),1fr));gap:12px 24px;
 padding:0 0 0 18px;margin:14px 0 0;list-style:disc outside;
}
body.retina-v16 #retina-introduction .retina-start-links article li{display:list-item;padding:0;margin:0;min-width:0}
body.retina-v16 #retina-introduction .retina-start-links article li a{
 display:flex;align-items:baseline;justify-content:space-between;gap:8px;
 font-size:18px;line-height:1.5;text-decoration:none;
}
body.retina-v16 #retina-introduction .retina-link-arrow{flex:0 0 auto;white-space:nowrap}
@media(max-width:760px){}

@media(min-width:761px) and (max-width:1400px){}
@media(min-width:761px) and (max-width:1100px){}

/* Requested refinements, 14 September 2026. */



.mobile-surgery-label{display:none}
@media(max-width:760px){
 
 
 
 
 
 
 body.about .seo-breadcrumb ol{align-items:center!important}
 body.about .seo-breadcrumb li,body.about .seo-breadcrumb li+li{margin:0!important;padding:0!important;line-height:1.6!important;align-items:center!important}
 body.about .seo-breadcrumb li a,body.about .seo-breadcrumb li span{line-height:inherit!important}
 body.page-visit .video-callout{display:flex!important;flex-direction:column!important;align-items:stretch!important;gap:20px!important;padding:22px!important}
 body.page-visit .video-callout>img{width:100%!important;max-width:none!important;height:auto!important;aspect-ratio:4/3;object-fit:cover;border-radius:12px}
 body.page-visit .video-callout h2,body.page-visit .video-callout p,body.page-visit .desktop-surgery-label{display:none!important}
 body.page-visit .mobile-surgery-label{display:inline}
 body.page-visit .video-callout .yt-link{display:flex;justify-content:center;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;white-space:normal;text-align:center;font-size:16px!important;line-height:1.5!important;padding:15px 18px!important}
 body.page-visit .video-callout .yt-glyph{flex-shrink:0}
}
@media(max-width:760px){
 
 body.page-visit .video-callout .mobile-surgery-label{font-size:inherit!important;line-height:1.5!important}
}

/* Match the existing training/affiliations divider between every visual row. */
body #main #peers .mark-row>li{position:relative}
body #main #peers .mark-row>li::before{
 content:"";display:none;position:absolute;left:0;top:-12px;
 border-top:1px solid #18384a22;pointer-events:none;
}
@media(min-width:761px){
 body #main #peers .mark-row>li:nth-child(3n+4)::before{display:block;width:calc(300% + 56px)}
}
@media(max-width:760px){
 body #main #peers .mark-row>li.training-pair{max-width:none}
 body #main #peers .training-pair .mark-pair{max-width:340px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}
 body #main #peers .mark-row>li:nth-child(5)::before{display:block;width:100%}
}
@media(min-width:601px) and (max-width:760px){
 body #main #peers .mark-row>li:nth-child(4)::before,
 body #main #peers .mark-row>li:nth-child(6)::before{display:block;width:calc(300% + 56px)}
}
@media(max-width:600px){
 body #main #peers .mark-row>li:nth-child(3)::before,
 body #main #peers .mark-row>li:nth-child(6)::before,
 body #main #peers .mark-row>li:nth-child(8)::before{display:block;width:calc(200% + 16px)}
}

/* Native navigation never waits for an exit animation or intercepts a link. */
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:no-preference){
 @view-transition{navigation:auto}
 ::view-transition-group(root){animation-duration:650ms}
 ::view-transition-old(root){animation:page-lift-out 650ms cubic-bezier(.4,0,.2,1) both;transform-origin:50% 0;mix-blend-mode:normal}
 ::view-transition-new(root){animation:page-lift-in 650ms cubic-bezier(.4,0,.2,1) both;transform-origin:50% 0;mix-blend-mode:normal}
 @keyframes page-lift-out{to{transform:perspective(1700px) translate3d(0,-46%,-260px) rotateX(13deg) scale(.82);opacity:.28}}
 @keyframes page-lift-in{from{transform:perspective(1700px) translate3d(0,82%,-220px) rotateX(-13deg) scale(.88)}}
 @media(max-width:760px){
  @keyframes page-lift-out{to{transform:translateY(-25%);opacity:.28}}
  @keyframes page-lift-in{from{transform:translateY(65%)}}
 }
}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){@view-transition{navigation:none}}
body #main .motion-word{display:inline!important;width:auto!important}

/* Booking remains visible; secondary navigation moves into the menu first. */
body header>.header-actions>.book{display:inline-flex!important;flex-shrink:0}
header .menu-language{display:none}
@media(max-width:1500px){
 body header>nav{display:none!important}
 body header .mobile-menu{display:block}
 body header .header-actions{gap:12px}
}
@media(max-width:1100px){
 body header>.header-actions>.language-menu{display:none!important}
 header .menu-language{display:block;margin:20px 0}
 header .menu-language .language-options{position:static;box-shadow:none}
}
@media(max-width:760px){
 body header{height:auto;min-height:112px;padding:10px 18px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr auto;gap:8px 12px}
 body header>.brand{grid-column:1;grid-row:1}
 body header>.header-actions{display:contents}
 body header>.header-actions>.book{grid-column:1 / -1;grid-row:2;width:100%;min-height:44px;font-size:14px;padding:10px 14px;white-space:normal;text-align:center}
 body header .mobile-menu{grid-column:2;grid-row:1}
 body header .mobile-menu>summary{min-width:44px;min-height:44px;text-align:center}
}
@media(max-width:1500px){
 body header .mobile-menu>summary{list-style:none;min-width:44px;min-height:44px;display:grid;place-items:center;cursor:pointer;font-size:22px}
 body header .mobile-menu>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}
 body header .mobile-menu>.menu-panel{position:absolute;top:100%;right:18px;left:auto;width:min(440px,calc(100vw - 36px));background:var(--paper);border:1px solid #183d6033;border-radius:14px;padding:18px;box-shadow:0 10px 30px #183d6022;z-index:100;max-height:calc(100dvh - 150px);overflow:auto}
 body header{position:relative;z-index:100}
 body header .mobile-menu .menu-close{display:flex!important}
 body header .menu-primary{display:grid!important;gap:0}
 body header .menu-primary a{display:block;min-height:44px;padding:10px 0}
}
@media(max-width:1100px){body header .menu-language{display:flex!important;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:16px;border-top:1px solid #183d6033;padding-top:12px}header .menu-language a{padding:10px 0;min-height:44px}}
@media(max-width:760px){body header>.header-actions>.book{width:100%!important;max-width:none!important}}

body header .refer-button{background:transparent;color:var(--ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);box-shadow:none;font-size:14px;white-space:nowrap;min-height:48px;padding:12px 18px;flex-shrink:0}
body header .refer-button:hover{background:var(--soft)}
@media(max-width:900px){body header .refer-button{display:none!important}}


body.about .seo-breadcrumb{display:block}
body.about .seo-breadcrumb ol{display:flex;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}
body.about .seo-breadcrumb li{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;margin:0!important;padding:0;line-height:1.5}
body.about .seo-breadcrumb a,body.about .seo-breadcrumb span{display:inline;padding:0;margin:0;line-height:inherit}


/* September 2026: shared breadcrumb reset and compact phone controls. */
body .seo-breadcrumb ol{display:flex;align-items:baseline;flex-wrap:wrap}
body .seo-breadcrumb ol>li{margin:0!important;padding-top:0!important;line-height:1.5}
body .seo-breadcrumb ol>li>a,body .seo-breadcrumb ol>li>span{line-height:inherit}
.mobile-english,.phone-heading{display:none!important}
.language-home-note{display:none}
body .visit-preparation{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))!important;align-items:start}
body .visit-preparation>.visit-matte:first-child{grid-column:1/-1}
body .appointment-checklist{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:12px 36px;padding-left:22px;margin:16px 0 20px;list-style:disc}
body .appointment-checklist>li{margin:0;padding:0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.6;break-inside:avoid}
@media(max-width:760px){
 body header{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) auto auto;column-gap:8px!important}
 body header>.brand{grid-column:1;min-width:0}
 body header>.header-actions>.language-menu{display:block!important;grid-column:2;grid-row:1}
 body header>.header-actions>.language-menu>summary{min-width:44px;min-height:44px;padding:6px 8px;font-size:13px}
 body header .language-options a[aria-current]{display:none!important}
 body header .language-options .language-home-note{display:block;font:400 12px/1.5 Manrope,sans-serif;padding:6px 12px}
 body header .mobile-menu{grid-column:3;grid-row:1}
 body header>.header-actions>.book{grid-column:1/-1}
 html:lang(zh) body header>.header-actions>.language-menu{display:none!important}
 body header>.header-actions>.mobile-english{display:inline-flex!important;grid-column:2;grid-row:1;align-items:center;justify-content:center;min-height:44px;padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid rgba(24,61,105,.16);border-radius:22px;background:#fff;font:600 13px/1.4 Manrope,sans-serif}
 body.home .hero-copy>.kicker,body.home .hero-actions>.hero-book,
 body .cataract-start-actions,body .retina-start-actions,
 body .contact-panel>.appointment-request{display:none!important}
 html[data-page="visit.html"] body #language-support .section-head>.eyebrow,body #visit-faq .section-top .eyebrow,
 body .desktop-heading{display:none!important}
 body .phone-heading{display:inline!important}
 body .visit-preparation{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)!important}
 body .appointment-checklist{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:12px}
}
@media(max-width:390px){
 body header>.brand{gap:7px!important;font-size:15px!important}
 body header>.brand img{width:28px!important;height:28px!important}
 body header>.brand small{font-size:10px!important;white-space:nowrap}
}


@media(max-width:1000px){body.v14 #main #bio-contents{display:none}}
@media(min-width:780px) and (max-width:1000px) and (min-height:340px) and (orientation:landscape){
 body.v14 #main .biography-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:192px minmax(0,1fr);gap:24px;width:calc(100% - 44px);margin:28px auto 48px;align-items:start}
 body.v14 #main .biography-content{display:block;min-width:0}
 body.v14 #main #bio-contents{display:block;position:sticky;top:96px;max-height:calc(100dvh - 112px);overflow-y:auto;align-self:start;margin:0;padding:16px 10px;box-sizing:border-box}
 body.v14 #main #bio-contents .biography-nav-links{grid-template-columns:1fr}
 body.v14 #main #bio-contents h2{font-size:24px;line-height:30px}
 body.v14 #main #bio-contents a{min-height:44px;box-sizing:border-box;padding:8px;font-size:13px;line-height:20px}
 body.v14 #main .biography-content>section{width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}
 body.v14 #main #bio{display:block;padding:0!important}
 body.v14 #main #bio .bio-portrait{max-width:260px;margin:24px auto}
 body.v14 #main .biography-content>section>.band-inner{width:auto;padding:30px 20px}
}

/* A quieter type scale and a structured opening using the existing portrait. */
body.biography-review #main #bio{background:var(--fg-surface,rgba(250,248,242,.62));border:1px solid rgba(24,61,105,.16);border-radius:24px;padding:32px!important;gap:28px;margin-bottom:28px;box-sizing:border-box}
body.biography-review #main #bio .seo-breadcrumb{margin:0 0 18px}
body.biography-review #main #bio .bio-identity{min-width:0}
body.biography-review #main #bio .bio-name h1{font-size:clamp(42px,4vw,58px);line-height:1.08;margin:0 0 20px}
body.biography-review #main #bio .bio-identity>p{margin:18px 0 0}
body.biography-review #main #bio .bio-portrait{width:100%;max-width:320px;margin:0;align-self:start;justify-self:end}
body.biography-review #main #bio .bio-portrait img{border-radius:18px}
body.biography-review #main #bio .career-highlights{grid-column:1/-1;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:0;margin:4px 0 0;padding:26px 0 0;border-top:1px solid rgba(24,61,105,.16)}
body.biography-review #main #bio .career-highlights li{border:0;padding:0 22px;font-size:18px;line-height:1.6;min-width:0}
body.biography-review #main #bio .career-highlights li:first-child{padding-left:0}
body.biography-review #main #bio .career-highlights li:last-child{padding-right:0}
body.biography-review #main #bio .career-highlights li+li{border-left:1px solid rgba(24,61,105,.16)}
body.biography-review #main #bio .career-highlights strong{margin-bottom:10px}
body.biography-review #main #bio .career-highlights a{white-space:normal}
body.biography-review #main #bio-contents a{font-size:15px;line-height:22px;min-height:44px;padding:9px;box-sizing:border-box}
body.biography-review #main #bio-contents>p{font-size:14px;line-height:1.5}
body.biography-review #main #focus .clinical-groups{gap:22px}
body.biography-review #main #focus .clinical-groups>article{position:relative;border:1px solid rgba(24,61,105,.16);padding:24px}
body.biography-review #main #focus .clinical-groups h3{margin:0 0 18px}
body.biography-review #main .clinical-title-link{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;justify-content:space-between;gap:18px;font:inherit;color:inherit;text-decoration:none}
body.biography-review #main .clinical-title-text{min-width:0;font:inherit}
body.biography-review #main .clinical-arrow{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex:0 0 40px;width:40px;height:40px;border:1px solid rgba(24,61,105,.16);border-radius:50%;background:var(--fg-surface,rgba(250,248,242,.62));color:#173e59;font:400 24px/1 Manrope,sans-serif;box-sizing:border-box}
body.biography-review #main .clinical-title-link:hover .clinical-arrow{background:#173e59;color:#fff}
body.biography-review #main .clinical-title-link:focus-visible{outline:2px solid #173e59;outline-offset:7px;border-radius:4px}
body.biography-review #main #training .tl-caption,
body.biography-review #main #profile-teaching a.text-link,
body.biography-review #main #profile-research a.text-link,
body.biography-review #main #drive-fields .app-feature p,
body.biography-review #main #community figcaption{font-size:var(--type-body,18px)!important;line-height:1.6!important}
body.biography-review #main #profile-teaching a.text-link,
body.biography-review #main #profile-research a.text-link{display:inline;margin:0;padding:0;text-underline-offset:4px}
body.biography-review #main #training .tl-caption{margin-top:16px;color:inherit}
body.biography-review #main #training .tl-marks-small{gap:20px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:22px}
body.biography-review #main #training .tl-marks-small img{max-width:100%;object-fit:contain}
body.biography-review #main #drive-fields .app-feature{gap:36px}
body.biography-review #main #drive-fields .app-wordmark{border:1px solid rgba(24,61,105,.16);box-sizing:border-box}
body.biography-review #main #drive-fields .app-feature .quiet-note{margin:0 0 18px;color:inherit}
body.biography-review #main #drive-fields .app-actions{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;justify-content:flex-start;margin:22px 0 0;padding:0}
body.biography-review #main #drive-fields .app-actions .pill{border:1px solid rgba(24,61,105,.16);margin:0;min-height:44px}
body.biography-review #main .booking-inner{display:grid;grid-template-columns:44px minmax(0,1fr) auto;align-items:start;gap:24px}
body.biography-review #main .booking-inner>.glass-icon{margin-top:8px}
body.biography-review #main .language-appointment-help{font-size:var(--type-body,18px);line-height:1.6;max-width:none!important;margin:24px 0 0;padding:22px 0 0;border-top:1px solid rgba(24,61,105,.16)}
body.biography-review #main .language-appointment-help p{margin:0 0 10px;max-width:none!important}
body.biography-review #main .language-appointment-help a{font:inherit;text-underline-offset:4px}
@media(min-width:1001px){
 body.biography-review #main .biography-layout{grid-template-columns:228px minmax(0,1fr);gap:28px}
 body.biography-review #main #bio{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(230px,.55fr)}
}
@media(max-width:1199px){
 body.biography-review #main #bio .career-highlights{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}
 body.biography-review #main #bio .career-highlights li{padding:0;border:0}
 body.biography-review #main .booking-inner{grid-template-columns:44px minmax(0,1fr)}
 body.biography-review #main .booking-inner>.pill{grid-column:2;justify-self:start}
}
@media(max-width:1000px){
 body.biography-review #main .biography-layout{width:calc(100% - 40px);margin:24px auto 48px}
 body.biography-review #main #bio{padding:26px!important}
 body.biography-review #main #bio .bio-portrait{max-width:260px;margin:24px auto 0}
 body.biography-review #main #bio .career-highlights{margin-top:24px}
}
@media(min-width:780px) and (max-width:1000px) and (min-height:340px) and (orientation:landscape){
 body.biography-review #main #bio-contents a{font-size:14px;line-height:21px}
 body.biography-review #main #bio-contents>p{font-size:13px}
 body.biography-review #main #bio .bio-name h1{font-size:42px}
}
@media(max-width:760px){
 body.biography-review #main #bio{padding:22px!important;border-radius:20px}
 body.biography-review #main #bio .bio-head{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 92px;gap:14px}
 body.biography-review #main #bio .bio-name h1{font-size:36px;margin-bottom:14px}
 body.biography-review #main #bio .bio-portrait-compact img{width:92px;height:126px;border-radius:14px}
 body.biography-review #main #focus .clinical-groups{grid-template-columns:1fr}
 body.biography-review #main #focus .clinical-groups>article{padding:22px}
 body.biography-review #main .booking-inner{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:20px}
 body.biography-review #main .booking-inner>.glass-icon{display:none}
 body.biography-review #main .booking-inner>.pill{grid-column:1}
}
body.biography-review #main #bio .career-highlights a{display:inline-block;max-width:100%}
@media(max-width:1199px){body.biography-review #main #focus .clinical-groups{grid-template-columns:1fr}}


@media(max-width:1100px){html:lang(zh) body header>.header-actions>.language-menu{display:block!important}html:lang(zh) body header>.header-actions>.mobile-english{display:none!important}}
@media(max-width:1100px){
 body header>.header-actions>.language-menu{display:block!important}
}
@media(max-width:760px){
 body header{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) auto auto;column-gap:6px}
 body header>.brand{min-width:0;gap:8px;font-size:clamp(14px,4vw,18px)}
 body header>.brand img{width:28px;height:28px;flex-shrink:0}
 body header>.brand span{min-width:0}
 body header>.brand small{font-size:11px;white-space:normal;line-height:1.3}
 body header>.header-actions>.language-menu{grid-column:2;grid-row:1}
 body header>.header-actions>.language-menu>summary{min-width:52px;min-height:44px;justify-content:center;padding:7px}
 body header .mobile-menu{grid-column:3;grid-row:1}
}


/* Official PNG at its native aspect ratio, displayed at least 2x pixel density. */
body img.unsw-official-mark {width:142px!important;max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;max-height:none!important;object-fit:contain!important;min-height:0!important;aspect-ratio:330/140}

@media(min-width:761px) and (max-width:1100px){}